How to Choose Codonopsis (Dang Shen) Root Slices for Bulk Purchase

This Codonopsis root buyer guide is written for importers, distributors and manufacturers who need to evaluate Codonopsis (Dang Shen) root slices before placing a bulk order. Buyers should verify the accepted botanical source, plant part, origin, slice dimensions, grade definition, physical condition, processing requirements, batch COA and an approved sample. Appearance and origin are useful screening factors, but they do not replace a written specification and testing.

What Buyers Should Confirm Before Ordering Codonopsis Slices

Before requesting a quote or approving a sample, procurement and QA teams should have clear answers on the following points:

• Botanical identity — which species or variety is accepted for the order
• Plant part — confirmed as dried root
• Origin — declared province or region, with supporting documentation
• Form and cut — whole root, round slices, segments or a custom cut
• Diameter and thickness — defined ranges rather than general descriptions
• Grade definition — a measurable definition, not just a supplier label
• Broken pieces and fines — maximum acceptable percentages
• Moisture and storage condition — appropriate for the destination market and shipping route
• Processing requirement — including any sulfur-treatment position
• COA and test scope — matched to the buyer’s market and use case
• Sample approval — a retained reference sample for comparison against bulk production
• Packaging — material, unit weight and outer packaging

Each of these points is discussed in more detail below. For the broader due-diligence process around supplier vetting, contracts and shipment, see our bulk Chinese herbs sourcing checklist.

Codonopsis, Dang Shen and Botanical Identity

Codonopsis is the genus name. Dang Shen is the Chinese trade name commonly used for Codonopsis Radix, the dried root material. In practice, the trade name alone does not identify a single botanical species — buyers who order “Dang Shen” without further specification may receive material from more than one accepted botanical source. For root-slice purchases, state the plant part explicitly as dried root.

Depending on the applicable pharmacopoeial reference or a buyer’s own specification, the following botanical sources may be referenced for Codonopsis Radix:

• Codonopsis pilosula
• Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta
• Codonopsis tangshen

Not every buyer accepts all three. The accepted botanical source should be defined by the buyer’s applicable pharmacopoeial reference or written specification, rather than assumed from the trade name.

The international standard for this material is narrower than the pharmacopoeial entry. ISO 22585:2022 covers Codonopsis pilosula root only — a single botanical source — while the Chinese Pharmacopoeia entry for Codonopsis Radix recognises three. A batch of C. tangshen or C. pilosula var. modesta can satisfy the pharmacopoeial botanical identity requirement and still fall outside the scope of ISO 22585:2022. A supplier stating “ISO 22585 compliant” is therefore making a narrower identity claim than one stating “Chinese Pharmacopoeia compliant” — and if the delivered material is either of the other two sources, the ISO claim is not available at all. Buyers citing ISO 22585 on a purchase order should confirm the delivered species separately, in writing.

Origin and Batch Traceability

Gansu is one of the main commercial production regions for Codonopsis in China. Other production areas include Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan and other regions.

Origin is a useful reference point, but it is not proof of botanical identity, grade or contaminant compliance on its own. Buyers should request:

• Origin declaration
• Supplier or processor identity
• Batch or lot number
• Sourcing or receiving records, where required
• Current batch photos
• Packing label
• A COA or batch document that matches the same lot being shipped

Origin declarations support traceability and a written commercial specification. They do not, by themselves, confirm species identity, grade consistency or compliance with contaminant limits — those require documentation and, where applicable, laboratory testing. See our sourcing and origin page for more on how Aile Herb documents origin across its herb catalog.

How to Evaluate Codonopsis Root and Slice Quality

Visual and Physical Checks

The following characteristics can be assessed by direct inspection of a sample or a representative batch photo:

• Whole root or slice form
• Slice diameter
• Slice thickness
• Colour range
• Cut-surface appearance
• Texture — dry, firm or brittle
• Fibre pattern, where relevant
• Characteristic odour
• Uniformity across the batch
• Broken pieces
• Dust and fines
• Foreign matter
• Visible mold
• Visible insect damage
• Presence of root heads, rootlets or woody portions

Some variation in these characteristics is normal and can result from differences in origin, botanical source, root size, drying method, storage conditions and cutting method. Colour, sweetness, size and general appearance are useful screening cues, but they are not proof of botanical authenticity or of compliance with any safety limit.

Checks That Require Documents or Testing

The following cannot be confirmed by visual inspection alone and require documentation or laboratory testing:

• Botanical identity
• Moisture content
• Sulfur dioxide, where required
• Pesticide residues
• Heavy metals
• Microbiology
• Mycotoxins, where required
• Market-specific acceptance limits

Visual inspection is a screening tool, not a substitute for laboratory or documentary evidence. A visually acceptable batch may still fail the written specification after documentary or laboratory review.

Grade, Diameter, Cut and Broken-Piece Specifications

Commercial grade labels for Codonopsis are supplier- or market-defined rather than one universal system. For how to convert grade language into measurable, enforceable purchase-order criteria, see our Chinese Herbal Slice Grades guide.

Moisture, Storage, Sulfur and Processing Requirements

Excess moisture increases the risk of mold and insect activity during storage and transport. Buyers should define an acceptable moisture limit appropriate to their applicable pharmacopoeial reference or their own specification, rather than relying on a general assumption.

Other storage and processing points to confirm in writing:

• Storage condition — cool, dry and well-ventilated, or more specific requirements where critical
• Packaging material and format
• Manufacturing or packing date
• Retest or expiry information, where applicable
• Whether the material is supplied raw or in a processed form

Sulfur treatment may be used in some Codonopsis supply chains, but it is not universal, and it should not be assumed to be required or absent without confirmation.

Colour alone cannot prove sulfur-free status, since colour can also be influenced by origin, drying method and age. “Sulfur-free” should be defined precisely in the written purchase specification, and buyers may request sulfur-dioxide testing where their market or application requires it.

Processing claims — such as “unsulfured” or a specific drying method — should relate to the specific batch being supplied, not to the supplier’s product line in general.

Codonopsis Radix Specifications in Ch.P. 2025

When a purchase order names the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the 2025 edition (in force since 1 October 2025, NMPA announcement) sets the following requirements for Codonopsis Radix. For ordinary Dang Shen slices, the identification, checks and extractives are the same as for the crude root.

Two points buyers often miss. First, the Codonopsis monograph allows sulfur dioxide up to 400 mg/kg, higher than the 150 mg/kg general limit that applies to many other herbs, so “Chinese Pharmacopoeia compliant” does not mean sulfur-free. A buyer who needs non-sulfured material should state a lower SO₂ limit and a no-fumigation declaration on the PO. Second, the monograph has no quantitative marker assay, so batch-to-batch comparison relies more on identity, physical grade and extractive value than it does for herbs such as Astragalus.

What a Codonopsis Batch COA Should Include

A Certificate of Analysis for Codonopsis root slices is not the same for every buyer or every market. The scope of testing depends on the destination market, the buyer’s own specification and the intended use of the material.

This section focuses on what is specific to Codonopsis. For a general explanation of how to read a COA for Chinese herbs, see our Certificate of Analysis buyer guide.

Not every Codonopsis COA needs to contain the same tests. The appropriate scope should be agreed between buyer and supplier before the order is confirmed, based on the destination market’s regulatory requirements and the buyer’s own quality specification.

For questions on testing capability and scope, see our in-house laboratory and quality control process pages.

Codonopsis Purchase Specification and Sample Approval

A written purchase specification reduces disputes and gives both parties a clear reference for accepting or rejecting a batch. The following template can be adapted for a specific order:

An approved sample should be physically retained by the buyer or a third party and compared against the bulk shipment before final acceptance.

Any deviation beyond the agreed tolerance should trigger a QA review rather than automatic rejection or automatic acceptance.

Sample-evaluation checklist:

• Botanical name and plant part on the COA match the specification
• Origin declared and within the accepted range
• Form matches the approved sample
• Diameter within agreed tolerance
• Thickness within agreed tolerance
• Colour and texture within the approved range
• No off-odour present
• Broken-piece level within limit
• Dust and fines within limit
• No visible mold or insect damage
• Moisture result within specification, where required
• Sulfur dioxide result within specification, where required
• Batch number, packing date and laboratory details present on the COA
• Approved sample retained and compared against bulk

Common Sourcing Mistakes

• Ordering by trade name only, without specifying which of the three accepted botanical sources is required
• Assuming Gansu origin automatically means higher quality
• Citing “ISO 22585” on a purchase order without confirming the delivered species — the standard covers C. pilosula only, not the full pharmacopoeial source list

Each of these points calls for clearer definition or additional evidence. None of them is, by itself, proof of supplier misconduct.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Dang Shen always refer to one botanical species?

No. Dang Shen is a trade name for Codonopsis Radix and, depending on the applicable pharmacopoeial reference, may be associated with more than one accepted botanical source. Buyers who need a specific species should state this requirement in writing rather than relying on the trade name alone.

Is Gansu Codonopsis automatically better than other origins?

No. Gansu is a well-known commercial production region, but origin alone does not guarantee grade, botanical identity or compliance with any safety limit. Origin should be treated as one part of a written specification, supported by batch documentation and, where relevant, testing.

Can buyers judge Codonopsis quality only by colour and size?

No. Colour and size are useful screening cues but cannot confirm botanical identity, sulfur-free status or contaminant compliance. These characteristics can vary naturally due to origin, drying method and storage. Documented testing is needed to confirm safety-related claims.

What should a Codonopsis batch COA include?

Typical fields include the botanical name, plant part, origin, batch number, identity test, moisture, ash and extractives, along with market-dependent safety fields such as pesticide residues, heavy metals and sulfur dioxide where applicable. The exact scope should be agreed with the supplier based on the destination market.

What are the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 specifications for Codonopsis root slices? Ch.P. 2025 accepts three botanical sources (C. pilosula, C. pilosula var. modesta and C. tangshen). Ordinary Dang Shen slices are thick slices and must meet moisture ≤16.0%, total ash ≤5.0%, sulfur dioxide ≤400 mg/kg and 45% ethanol-soluble extractives ≥55.0%. Rice-fried Dang Shen has a tighter moisture limit of ≤10.0%. The monograph has no marker-compound assay.

How should buyers define Grade I?

Since there is no universal grade system for Codonopsis, “Grade I” should be tied to measurable criteria such as diameter range and maximum broken-piece percentage, agreed in writing with the supplier before the order is confirmed.

Does every Codonopsis batch require sulfur-dioxide testing?

Not necessarily. The need for sulfur-dioxide testing depends on the buyer’s specification and the requirements of the destination market. Buyers who require a sulfur-free or low-sulfur product should state this explicitly and request the relevant test on the COA. Note that the Ch.P. 2025 limit for Codonopsis is 400 mg/kg, so a pharmacopoeial pass does not by itself show that the material is low-sulfur.

Request a Codonopsis Sample and Current Batch COA

To request a sample and the current batch COA, please provide:

• Accepted botanical source
• Product form
• Cut dimensions
• Grade definition
• Order quantity
• Destination market
• Testing scope required
• Packaging requirements
• Documents required

Request a Codonopsis Sample and COA

Product availability, test scope and documentation vary by batch and destination market.

To source Codonopsis (Dang Shen) root slices, review our root and rhizome herbs range and request a sample and COA against your slice specification.